Wednesday, July 8, 2015

China's Turmoil and PGM


Chinese shares continued their downward trend last night with the Shanghai Composite falling almost 6%. The CSI 300, the largest listed firms on both the Shanghai and Shenzhen exchanges fell almost 7%. We wrote yesterday on the enormous efforts of the Chinese authorities to stem the losses but it appears panic selling has taken hold in a “dot.com-like” bursting of their market. Now it appears the panic selling is starting to bleed over into other regional markets. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng closed 23,516.56 down 5.8% and Australia’s ASX200 closed 5,469.53 down 2%. Japan’s Nikkei closed $19,737.64 off 3.1%. Other regional markets that suffered a bout of selling include Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand…you get the picture. Every index suffered rather large losses for the day. The fear of panic selling contagion is real and as we stated yesterday, if the financial, economic and social well-being of the world’s second largest economy becomes unglued, we can see that selling pressure come to our shores and impact our stock market.

Precious Metals

I have written several times in the past about the virtues of owning precious metals and platinum and palladium in particular.

My musings on PGM:


11/9/14 - Platinum Update

11/23/14 - PGM Update



Since I started writing about these industrious precious metals, both Platinum and Palladium are down approximately 16% and 13%, respectively. Admittedly not the greatest of calls. That said, we are still believers in the fundamental reasons for ownership in these metals and more importantly, despite the declines in the metals and the overall commodity space, we are still able to show gains for our investors in our metals trading division.

So what’s happening to these metals?

Much of the decline is rooted in the decline in the Chinese stock markets. We have written about the global supply and demand issues in the past and will reiterate our thesis.

 

Demand Dynamics

On the demand side, prices for these precious metals are largely tied to auto sales given their high concentration of usage in catalytic converters. The global outlook for vehicle sales has been fairly robust of late in spite of the global economic slowdown that we are witnessing. Global auto sales in 2014 have been just under 80 million vehicles sold of which sales in Asia have been leading the way. North America represents approximately 27% of the worldwide auto market. Western Europe is 17% of the global auto market and South America consumes 6%. Eastern Europe makes up 5% of the global auto market. 

Clearly the highest area of growth in auto sales has been in Asia. Approximately 32 million vehicles sold in Asia is over 40% of global auto production and China has been the driver of Asian auto sales at just over 18 million units sold. 
 
 
Analysts had been expecting the global auto market to growth at a 2% clip over the next several years as additional monetary stimulus in Europe and Asia are implemented to assist their economies gain traction. The recent events in China may be changing that. I read an article last night from BloombergBusiness entitled, “China’s Stock-Market Rout Puts Car Sales in ‘Meat Grinder’” In the article they make several good points about the link between Chinese market participants and the auto industry. This of course connects a direct line between the Chinese markets and the price of PGM. The chart below shows NYSE Arca China Index (red and white candlesticks) with a palladium overlay (black line). I haven’t checked the official “fit” between the two but if you eye-ball it, one can see a rough correlation.
 
 
Due to the declining markets in China, “An increasing number of car buyers in China are canceling their purchases and risking forfeiture of their down payments after a stock-market rout that has erased about $3.2 trillion in value, according to Cui Dongshu, secretary-general of China’s Passenger Car Association. “The plunging stock market is essentially a meat grinder, shredding money meant for buying cars,” Cui said in a phone interview. Auto sales fell last month for the first time in more than two years, according to figures released by the group Wednesday.”
They go on to say, “Dealers who reported softening demand as prospective buyers postponed their purchases during the rally to punt on equities now face the prospect of lost sales in the ensuing plunge. “The stock market is going down too fast, this is wealth destruction,” said Song Yang, a Hong Kong-based analyst at Barclays Plc. “If you’re losing so much money in the stock market, that dampens your desire to buy a car.””
Auto makers are cutting prices in China to retain market share but that seems like a futile effort if folks are just postponing auto purchases until the market rout ends. Regarding pricing cuts and product-mix revamping, “That’s done little to spur demand, with a survey by MNI Indicators showing the proportion of consumers who planned to buy a car shrinking last month. Inventory was at levels that indicate low market demand for nine consecutive months, with June’s reading at the second highest mark for this year, data from the China Automobile Dealers Association show. Weak car demand is not expected to recover before September, according to Cui, who also said it is unlikely for the government to roll out any policy incentives to help spur vehicle demand in the near future. An estimated $2.6 trillion of shares, or about 40 percent of the market’s capitalization is now locked through trading suspensions by companies on the two Chinese exchanges, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.”
Trading PGM
The way we trade the PGM space is a bit unique and has for the most part sheltered us from precipitous declines in our portfolio. Even with the financial pandemonium taking place in China, demand for the metals exists and primary (mining) supplies are not able to meet that demand.
 
 
 
Much of the shortfall in supply is found in the secondary recycling market. As automobiles are scrapped, the catalytic converter is removed and the precious metals contained within (platinum, palladium and rhodium) are extracted and recycled. By running a disciplined trading approach, there are exceptional ROIC characteristics at play.
The fall in the commodity arena has also claimed the prices of base metals. This is the key pricing variable for individuals that own auto scrap yards. Given the lean margins and lower price points, the fall in these metals is currently hurting those in the scrap metal space. Even with the recent declines in precious metals pricing, the recovered auto catalyst holds the greatest value per pound in all the material in the yard. So as commodities and base and scrap metal in particular has been declining, we have seen a greater willingness for these yards to sell the auto catalysts to help mitigate the scrap metal downturn. For the precious metal recyclers that we run the hedge book for, business has been accelerating.
Using a ratio of CTFC NYMEX open commercial long to short contracts is useful in trading for the purposes of the hedge book. Taking this ratio and seeing where it lies on the bell curve using a z-score gives us the directional bias. When the one month commitment of traders’ algorithm rises above 1.0, then the directional bias of the metal is higher. When it falls below -1.0, then the bias is lower.

 
When buying recycled precious metals from the secondary market, one can take advantage of buying the metals for a few percentage points below the published bid for an instantaneous arbitrage sale. To keep the trading margins intact, one much protect those margins against commodity risk.
When the metals bias is higher the trade is as follows. Keep a naked position for physical delivery and protect your downside using put options on the futures of the underlying metals. When the metals bias is lower, take a forward sale locking in your physical delivery sale price and protect yourself from an upward movement in the underlying using a call back spread option strategy with a credit spread in place.
Being able to trade around your positions mitigates the risk of just buying and holding the underlying metal (something we are still willing to do) by providing a stream of income to offset the correction we are seeing in platinum and palladium.
Bottom Line: We are still believers in the underlying fundamentals of PGM ownership but understand that market sentiment is unfavorable. That said we are still able to produce returns on invested capital to offset any near-term market turbulence.
Joseph S. Kalinowski, CFA
 
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This analysis should not be considered investment advice and may not be suitable for the readers’ portfolio. This analysis has been written without consideration to the readers’ risk and return profile nor has the readers’ liquidity needs, time horizon, tax circumstances or unique preferences been taken into account. Any purchase or sale activity in any securities or other instrument should be based upon the readers’ own analysis and conclusions. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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